Tips and How to Replace incandescent light bulbs / Neon / bulb Damaged or Dead Lights Not A Safe and True

Light is an object that can turn off light and heat energy needs. of course the lights have a limited lifespan and will break in fast and slow tempos. Here are some tips that may be useful to you in connection with the light bulb:

1. Turn off electricity
Electric shock that you do not you should make sure first that the light switch in the off state.

2. Broken lamps
Use fruits or vegetables are hard to be stabbed into the lamp is broken so easily rotated to be removed from its place.

3. substitute light
Do not send children to replace the existing lights on the ceiling as if the joke could be dangerous shock or a fall.

4. Stairs or a Strong Footing
Make sure stairs are strong and not by or rocking back and forth. Better to use a stronger foothold as a bench or table. Falling from a height of one or two feet can cause a fatal accident.

5. Dry hands
Our hands are not wet or hit the water and should wear footwear that is too dry when replacing the lamp.

6. Qualified bulbs
Use a light quality that are not easily damaged and durable. That way we do not have to change lamps often. Saving energy also has become imperative all of us, because our country is an electric energy crisis. If the electrical load is maximum, then do pln is rotating blackouts are of course very disturbing comfort us who are familiar with furniture and appliances that use electricity.

Know the Proximity Sensor

"Proximity sensor" includes all sensors that perform sensing / detection in non-contact, compared with a sensor, such as limit switches, which detect objects by physical contact. Proximity Sensors convert information about the movement or presence of an object into an electrical signal. There are three types of detection systems that perform this conversion: a system using eddy currents generated in the metal object by electromagnetic induction sensing system that detects changes in electrical capacity when sensing object approaching, and a system that uses magnets and reed switches.

Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) defines a proximity sensor in JIS C 8201-5-2 (low voltage switch gear and control gear, Part 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements, Part 2: Proximity sensor), in accordance with IEC 60947-5 -2 translation of non-contact detection switch positions.

JIS provides the common name "proximity sensor" for all sensors that provide non-contact detection of target objects that are near or within the vicinity of the sensor, and classify them as inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, photoelectric, magnetic, etc.

Technical guidelines define all inductive sensors are used to detect metallic objects, capacitive sensors are used to detect metal objects as well as non-metallic, and magnetic field sensor utilizing DC as a Proximity Sensor.

Induction Motor

What is a Motor? motor or not here is not the same as the existing motor highway street who love racing and dangerous people, here is the motor is an electric motor, which can move the machine so the machine can run and can produce something useful buatorang many, if ordinary people layman said anyway .. name dynamo, there is a similarity because both use a coil of wire.
. Motor in Indonesian means "driving" something that can move the resulting activity but, in principle, work definition of motors is a tool that converts electrical energy into rotary motion energy or energy, at the time of the motor coil is electrified it on the rotor will occur style rotate so as to produce round, this round which will move the load as a propeller fan, water pump, gear box etc..
. The world's motor industry is to play a role because the average production is driven by motor engines motors then this will move the gears, conveyors, baling2, pumps, vibrator, etc..
The main parts of the motor there are some very important components, namely,
1. Statorthe form of a coil of wire wrapped around in such a way that the email function to generate a magnetic field when electrified.
2.Rotorsteel shaft that has a coil of wire in it, serves to channel the rotor turning force to the load.
3.Bearing/bantalanserves to hold the rotor to rotate on its axis with the stable, the number of bearings in the motor there are two pieces, lying on the front and rear.
4.Fan/kipasbody works to cool the motor so that its temperature is maintained, located at the back of the motor, the motor temperature to rise slowly with respect to the presence of a considerable burden and the use of a long
5.Bodyserves as a container of all the motor that has been mentioned above, made of iron and finned-fins that serve as cooling air flow throughout the body and motor.

Function fuse (Fuse) as a safety

What is a fuse?, Fuses or fuse is a device that can decide the flow of electricity in the event of short circuit (short) or an excess current (over current) in electrical circuits, or other expenses, such as vehicles, home installation, electronic circuits etc.. There are many types of fuse / fuse yet in common use among the people is the type of fuse glass, made ​​of glass or glass, in which there is a special piece of wire, the wire cross section determines the size of the fuse capacity or flow of electric current fuse capability.

How can fuse to prevent fires .. ?

. When the electrical circuit that we use on vehicles such as cars, motor homes or in electrical circuits and electronic circuits occur short circuit / short-circuit, the electric current flowing in the circuit will be larger, thus causing the cable conductor of heat, if this situation lasts longer, the cable will burn and burn the material that is around a combustible such as wood, paper, plastic, etc..

. With a fuse attached to the electrical circuit, then the fire will be avoided, why?, Because when the short circuit occurs in electrical circuits, then within a trillionth of a second electric current will be cut off quickly, so that the conductor of the cable is not the case of excessive heat and fire were can be avoided. In addition it also serves to secure the fuse electrical circuit or other equipment from the damaging effects of excessive currents.

How to know the capacity of the fuse.

. The capacity of the fuse can be seen on the body, there are listed a number that indicates the capacity of, for example F3A 250V or 250V F5A etc.. This means that the voltage is allowed to flow through the fuse is a maximum of 250 volts and a maximum electric current at 5 amperes, if the electric current and voltage flowing above that value, then the fuse will be disconnected.

conductor

Conductors are materials that can easily conduct electricity so that the conductor is often referred to as a good conductor of electricity. On a good conductor, the number of free electrons, the electrons that have a large enough energy (located at the outermost track) is banyakdan free to move, eg in copper materials, each copper atom contributes one free electron.

Copper as a substance that has the atomic number 29, has a free electron in charge of this terluarnya.elektron skin to conduct electricity when the conductor of the rated voltage

Conductor in electronics engineering is a substance that can conduct electrical current, either solid, liquid or gas. Because it is conductive, it is called a conductor. A good conductor has a small resistivity. Conductors are materials that are very good ability to conduct electricity, almost all metals are metallic conductors.

examples of several types of conductors

Examples of conductors include gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, iron successively growing resistance, type. So as gold is a very good conductor, but because it is very expensive price, the economically copper and aluminum are the most widely used

Definition and Function Multimeter

Multimeter is a measurement tool used to measure electric voltage, electric current, and resistance (resistance). It is a general sense multimeter, while thhttp://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6770520836530401260#editor/target=post;postID=9209447304009896842e development multimeter can still be used for several functions such as measuring temperature, inductance, frequency, and so forth. There are also people who mention the multimeter as AVO meter, presumably A (ampere), V (volts), and O (ohm).

Multimeter is divided into two types: analog multimeter and digital multimeter.

analog multimeter

Analog multimeter is more widely used for everyday use, such as the TV or computer repairman mostly use the analog of this type. The surplus is easy reading with a more simple. While weakness is a low accuracy, so for measurements requiring high precision digital multimeter should be used.

digital multimeter
Digital multimeter has high accuracy, and usability more than the analog multimeter. Which has an extra-extra units more closely, and also measurements more options, not limited to the ampere, volt and ohm it. Digital multimeter is usually used in research or work that requires high accuracy measure, but now many computer repair shops and service centers that use a digital multimeter. The drawback is difficult to monitor the voltage is not stable. So when making voltage measurements that moves up and down, you should use an analog multimeter.

Know the MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

MCB works by layoffs caused by the flow of electricity over the use of electromagnet / bimetal. MCB workings of this is to utilize the heat expansion of the bimetallic effect to determine the current flowing electric current. MCB capacity in units of Amperes (A), capacity MCB from 1A, 2A, 4A, 6A, 10A, 16A, 20A, 25A, 32A, etc.. MCB is used must have the SNI logo on the MCB

How to know the maximum power of the MCB is by multiplying the capacity of the MCB with 220v (voltage common in Indonesia).

example

6A MCB had the capacity to withstand the power of:

6A x 220v = 1200 Watts

Some usability MCB:

    1. Limiting Use of Electricity
    2. Turn off power when a short circuit occurs (shorted)
    3. Securing Electrical Installation
    4. Divide the house into some electrical parts, making it easier to detect damage to electrical installations

How to determine the cause of MCB fall

how to touch the white part of the MCB, whether hot or not.

    A. If not hot,

there is the possibility of installing a shorting, shorting is usually when the installation who has improved, the MCB can be switched directly. If after a few minutes MCB is still not start again, meaning that the MCB is damaged

    A. if the heat

MCB indicates that excess weight in a long time, wait several minutes just to turn on the MCB, usually when directly in turn, MCB will go down again, this is caused by a bimetal which expands and takes time to get back into shape. If after a few minutes, the MCB is still not start, meaning that the MCB is damaged

Tips to avoid electrical hazards

AVOID ELECTRICAL HAZARDS often people are always careless or ignorant of the dangers of electricity that is not unexpected could cause a burn victim and the victim died.be aware of each parent shall provide guidance to their children about the dangers of electricity.some tips to avoid electrical hazards:1. Do not play the kite around electrical wiring.2. Consider your child at home, do not let them play wiring or electrical outlet.3. Be sure you turn off the iron, when not in use.4. Do not burn trash in the proper electrical wiring.5. Do not connect fuses with fibers that have been broken wire, replace with new ones.6. Disconnect power from the barrier and Measuring Equipment (APP) if your home flooded / fire.7. Trim tree limbs when touching electrical wires around your home.8. Do not drain the electrical current in your house fence, for security reasons.9. Do not catch a fish in the pond by using a flow of electricity into the pond.10. Check and replace your house if the electrical installation has aged 5 years.11. If you see a broken cable on a utility pole, do not touch you should stay away and report immediately to the Service Area Offices of PT PLN (Persero) nearby.
If there are people who were electrocuted in the state can not escape (stuck on objects exposed to electrical current):A. Avoid panic2. Never touch a live person to help him with it. It can be fatal because you will also be an electric shock as well.3. immediately turn off the power source (APP)4. section at which the person is exposed to the flow of electricity to be separated by using a bamboo or wood or materials that are not easily conduct electricity5. after that person can disconnect from electric shock and lay unconscious immediately and at the chest for his heart to beat again and the blood can flow back to the heart and throughout the growing casualties.6. Immediately give sugar water can be little effort to restore the victim.
I hope these tips useful for all of our knowledge. because all the events that resulted in severe burns and death only because of our lack of knowledge about how to avoid electrical hazards and how to save the people affected by electric shock.

Tips on How to Save Electricity PLN Saves Energy, Water & Wells PAM Caring for the Environment

Saving electricity is an activity that can create electrical energy consumption to be reduced in various ways. In addition to electricity, we need also the water we can save by paying (PAM) and which we achieve by way of a free (well bore).The impact of energy waste electricity, water and other resources are generally negative, and will give a loss for all of us in the future. Electricity is limited in part generated from the power plant or power plant steam and other power plants that cause pollution to the environment.Underground water in a gang and uncontrolled we can suck out. Decrease in groundwater discharge could accelerate sea water intrusion into the ground and can reduce or merembeskan ground down so that over time will be drowned by sea water.View of the impact of the use of electricity and the excess water, then have us do a few things below to help preserve the nature of serious damage.A. PLN Electricity Saving Tips1. Turn off the lights if we do not use it.
2. Use energy-saving light bulbs (instead of incandescent light bulb)
3. Unplug electronic items that we do not use. Can also use the socket to turn it off. 
4. Use the power saver is a great tool. 
5. Turn off lights, tv, radio, etc. while sleeping.
6. Choose a low-power electronics. 
7. Teach children and families for saving electric energy. 
8. Unplug your phone charger when hp is full of energy indicators. 
9. Use LPG for cooking gas energy.10. Use solar energy to heat water, etc..B. Water Saving Tips PAM1. Use a toilet that can manage a small expenditure of water. 
2. Wash vehicles such as cars and motorcycles in the sink that uses water or underground water pump that    pay taxes.
3. Bath with shower. 
4. Wearing an automatic clothes washers that save water.
5. Drinking of bottled water hygiene. 
6. Oversee water pipelines do not leak. 
7. Using a shower and washing water used for watering plants in the morning and afternoon (use environmentally friendly soap).
8. Turn off the tap while sabunan, washing dishes, etc..
9. Create water wells in our home to replace the water we consume. 
10. Do not go around wasting water.Hope your electric bill is reduced in the next month: D

electrical system

Electrical problem became one of the many issues discussed today. The occurrence of rotating blackouts, rising subscription prices of electricity, and efforts to seek a new power source is a central issue at the center of attention of many. However, the fundamental problem of management of the electricity covered by a hot issue as the latter appeared as mentioned above. It is no secret that the company that manages the electricity is always a loss. Through this paper, the author invites all parties to re-consider this fundamental problem.
Electrical System Overview
As an opening to discuss the management of electricity, let's review the general structure of the management of electricity.
In the electrical system there are at least three public functions or subsystems, namely subsystem generation, transmission, and distribution. Each of these subsystems have different characteristics and functions, but each burhubungan. Furthermore, we will discuss each of these subsystems.
Generation subsystem has a function to produce (create) or generate electricity. This subsystem is basically a plant that produces electricity but because electricity is not an object that can be produced more precisely the terms stated in generating electricity. Electricity can be produced from a variety of ways, use of water is called hydroelectric power (hydropower), use a plant called water vapor (steam power), and others. Generation subsystem is usually located in places where electricity is generated. Hydroelectric dams or reservoirs located, power plant located near the steam-producing geothermal resources, and so on. The electricity generated can not be stored or used to be accommodated, but must be directly channeled to the place where the electricity would be used. So, there is no storage of electricity or electric storage tank. This is one of the electrical characteristics in terms of production.
Because electricity can not be saved, then power it must continue to flow from generation to the electrical subsystems that will be used. This is where the role of the transmission subsystem. This subsystem serves the power to the places where electricity is used. Besides the place of power generation is usually much so that the necessary means for electricity can be streamed to other places. Thus, we often see the electrical cables to form high-voltage power line that runs from one place to another, that is classified as a transmission subsystem.
Prior to the wearer power, high voltage power lines that are drawn from the power subsystem needs to be divided into several users. Subsystems that perform this function is called the distribution subsystem. At this stage the power is divided by a certain voltage to the number of users, both domestic users and industrial users. We often see the substations, electrical substations scattered in several places, this is where the electricity is distributed. At the substation, transformer substations have a function to raise or lower the voltage to the appropriate voltage. We also often hear a power outage in an area associated with the incidence in a substation, because it is at this substation power distribution center in the area.
The process of calculating the cost of electricity used by the user, losses due to theft of electricity, and all sorts of issues relating directly to the consumer of electricity included in the distribution subsystem.
Management of electrical systems in Indonesia, including the three above-mentioned functions performed by a single operator as well as a state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the PLN.
So common and concise explanation of an electrical system. We briefly discuss how electricity is generated in hydroelectric power away from the city center is withdrawn and used by people in the city center.

Incandescent Lighting

Incandescent lighting is the most common type of lighting used in homes. It has traditionally delivered about 85% of household illumination.
Incandescent lamps operate without a ballast. They light up instantly, providing a warm light and excellent color rendition. You can also dim them. However, incandescent lamps have a low efficacy compared to other lighting options (10–17 lumens per watt) and a short average operating life (750–2500 hours).
Incandescent lamps are the least expensive to buy, but because of their relative inefficiency and short life spans, they usually are more expensive to operate.

The incandescent lamp is the oldest and most common type of lamp. Light is emitted when electricity flows through—and heats—a tungsten filament.

Power electronic converters

Power electronic converters can be found wherever there is a need to modify a form of electrical energy (i.e. change its voltage, current or frequency). The power range of these converters is from some milliwatts (as in a mobile phone) to hundreds of megawatts (e.g. in a HVDC transmission system). With "classical" electronics, electrical currents and voltage are used to carry information, whereas with power electronics, they carry power. Thus, the main metric of power electronics becomes the efficiency.
The first very high power electronic devices were mercury-arc valves. In modern systems the conversion is performed with semiconductor switching devices such as diodes, thyristors and transistors, as pioneered by R. D. Middlebrook and others beginning in the 1950s. In contrast to electronic systems concerned with transmission and processing of signals and data, in power electronics substantial amounts of electrical energy are processed. An AC/DC converter (rectifier) is the most typical power electronics device found in many consumer electronic devices, e.g. television sets, personal computers, battery chargers, etc. The power range is typically from tens of watts to several hundred watts. In industry the most common application is the variable speed drive (VSD) that is used to control an induction motor. The power range of VSDs start from a few hundred watts and end at tens of megawatts.
The power conversion systems can be classified according to the type of the input and output power

• AC to DC (rectifier)
• DC to AC (inverter)
• DC to DC (DC to DC converter)
• AC to AC (AC to AC converter)

Alternative Electricity From Water Solution starfruit

A resident in the village of Nguntoronadi, District Nguntoronadi, Magetan, East Java, Sunarto (40), capable of creating electrical energy from the basic ingredients of the aqueous solution starfruit."Development of electric power from starfruit solution of the concern stems from the basic rate of electricity will continue to rise.Moreover, Indonesia is still a lot of people in rural areas that have not been touched by electricity, "said the creator of the electrical energy of starfruit, Sunarto, Tuesday.Starfruit that thrives in the yard of his home, his magic into the decomposing substance capable of producing alternative power, amid complaints of residents will increase electricity tariff (TDL) since early July. He explains, to create electrical energy, the first star fruit commonly used as a vegetable is mashed to take water. Next, using soil media placed in a glass of mineral water is used, water is injected star fruit taste.
Furthermore, each cup containing soil mixed with star fruit juice was associated with a series of copper wire and zinc plate, the electric current to flow. The result, the energy created by the voltage listrikpun fairly, ie up to 5 volts, enough to turn on the lights. The resulting voltage is also greater than the voltage of the battery stone fruit.According to him, electrical energy is created by starfruit has a high acidity level to be able to conduct ions and electrons are there on a piece of copper and zinc. Thus create an electric current. On average, 10 points starfruit is capable of creating an electric voltage up to 2.5 volts, equivalent to one dried fruit batteries. Even in his experience, the electrical energy of the star fruit vegetables can last up to one month old.Sunarto electronics teacher who also at one high school in this Magetan Bendo, hopes his invention will be further developed for a variety of household needs. Of them to turn on the radio, wall clock, until the lamp lighting for rural areas that have not been touched by electricity.
Until now, Sunarto still continue to develop its findings. He wanted later after developing alternative electric energy this invention can be packaged in a practical form of energy products like batteries. Thus, the findings could be developed as one of the alternative energy electricity rates amid increasingly heavy impact for small people

Electric current

type = textlistrik was composed of one atom. This size is very small atom in the atom is made of elektron.dalam atom consists of protons and neutrons. atoms moving at lightning speed kecepatanya 300.000km / s if we know that electricity is like not moving because kecepatanya.dan equal to the velocity of flow cahaya.listrik positive pole to negative pole. like water flowing from a high source keseumber rendah.listrik can only flow in the conductor because the electrons are electrons in a conductor is to make electricity flow. electricity can flow and grouping of electrical conductivity, namely: electrically conductive conductor is very strong and good in an electric discharge, the conductor is made of iron, steel, copper, gold and others are both semi-conductor is a conductor of electricity but can menghatarkan weak conductor of the type This is not in use to generate electricity which includes, among other types pengahtar aluminum. and isolatora dalah materials can not conduct current listrk.Electricity plays a vital role in life. Can be said that electricity has become a major energy source in any activity in both household and industrial. Ranging from kitchen equipment to machine large factories and even airplanes, all require electricity.
Electricity generally obtained from the change of kinetic energy into electricity through a generator. Kinetic energy to drive the generator can be obtained from the steam produced from the combustion of fossil energy sources, such as oil, coal and gas or it could be from the flow of water or air flow. The point is the conversion of electrical energy produced from other energy sources.Energy sources for electricity has advantages and disadvantages. Fossil energy sources are readily available but limited reserves. While the source of water flow or wind energy is relatively clean, limitless but not always exist.many sources of energy resources in Indonesia are dianatranya who has been in use:
AIR many power plants use water resources. to run a generator or banayk paddle wheel that is used to power listri. mempuyai water because of high pressure, the higher the water pressure or flow of water the higher the power generated. and is called AIR POWER.UAP A power station when viewed from raw materials to produce it, then Steam Power plants can be said that made from raw water. UAP Why not? Here only as a steam turbine power player, while to produce steam in a certain amount of water needed. Interestingly there is a power plant in a continuous process of ongoing and repetitive. The process of water into steam and then steam back into water and seterusnya.Mula first accommodated in the cooking water and then given the heat of the fire is lit beneath the axis. As a result of combustion raises the temperature of the water continued to rise until the boiling point limit. Due to the continued burning of the cooking water beyond its boiling point until steam arises. This steam is used to rotate the turbine and generator that would produce electrical energy.The tidal ebb and flow of water moving in large numbers every day; and utilization can produce energy in large enough quantities. power supply is relatively more reliable than the wave-powered electricity generating many more sources of energy that can be used. of which is all around us until we do not yet know.

electrical network of the 21st century

Technology electricity transmission and distribution network virtually unchanged for 100 years. While other technologies such as personal digital media and distributed energy has been greatly expanded, and the development failed to be followed by the electrical network technology.
On the transmission side, the problem is that there is enough to drain the transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources into the transmission and distribution networks. Because many renewable energy sources located in the very distant from load centers.
For now, there are some grid technologies that could be considered the developer network, ie HVDC and nano-tech wiring.
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), although not a new concept, but in the United States to the attention of as many electrical energy sourced from renewable energy to be delivered to the load.
Another technology being developed is a cable or wire used for the transmission and distribution networks using nano technology. Dr. Wade Adams of Richard E. Smalley Institute said, in theory, nano-tech cable can drain up to 100 million amperes flows along thousands of miles without much loss of efficiency, and weighed only one-sixth of the electricity network cable is widely used today as well as very strong, so they do not need a support structure. It's just that the technology is still 10 to 15 years from commercialization. Cables in use today can only drain current of 2000 amperes hundreds of kilometers, with 6% - 8% loses
Distribution sector faces another problem, the meter and the rate burden that can arise in the presence of power plants small-scale renewable energy. That is, the system needs a'' smart grid''. To regulate and control the electricity goes into it, interactive control equipment, network monitoring, energy storage facilities and systems that can respond to the request needs to be applied.
Upgrading transmission and distribution infrastructure is not cheap and can not be done in the near future. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, the California energy think tank, the cost required for upgrading the network with smart'' technology'' of U.S. $ 100 billion. Electric provider and the network will pay dearly for such upgrading, as well as customers who will pay higher prices.
But, however, the amount of costs required to upgrade the economic impact comparable with that will happen in the event of grid failure. For example, in 2003 most of the northern United States experienced a black out and loss experienced by some U.S. $ 6 billion just for a few days.